Byrhtnoth replied, "We will pay you with spear tips and sword blades.". His supporters fled the field, all but a group of his thegns who elected to die in battle in a vain but heroic attempt to avenge their lost leader.

The Battle of Maldon took place in 991 near Maldon beside the River Blackwater in Essex, England, during the reign of Ethelred the Unready.The Anglo-Saxons, led by Byrhtnoth and his theigns, fought against a Viking invasion, a battle which ended in utter defeat for the Anglo-Saxons.

Therefore, if Byrhtnoth's forces had kept the Vikings off by guarding the causeway or by paying them off, Olaf would likely have sailed farther up the river or along the coast, and raided elsewhere.

7–12 of MS Rawlinson B. After the battle Archbishop Sigeric of Canterbury and the aldermen of the south-western provinces advised King Æthelred to buy off the Vikings rather than continue the armed struggle.

One manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle said a Norwegian, Olaf Tryggvason, led the Viking forces, estimated to have been between 2,000 and 4,000 fighting men. It is incomplete, its beginning and ending both lost. Corrections? The Elphinstone transcription is in the Bodleian Library, where it is pp.

Swedish övermod or German Übermut, which mean both "hubris" and "recklessness"). The forces engaged by the Anglo-Saxon were raiding, or (in Old Norse) "í víking", to gather loot, rather than to occupy land for settlement. Then many English fled, recognizing the horse and thinking that its rider was Byrhtnoth fleeing. A source from the 12th century, Liber Eliensis, written by the monks at Ely, suggests that Byrhtnoth had only a few men to command: "he was neither shaken by the small number of his men, nor fearful of the multitude of the enemy". With the ebb of the tide, Olaf's forces began an assault across the small land bridge. Linguistic study has led to the conjecture that initially the complete poem was transmitted orally, then in a lost manuscript in the East Saxon dialect and now survives as a fragment in the West Saxon form, possibly that of a scribe active at the Monastery of Worcester late in the 11th century. At low tide, the river leaves a land bridge from this island to the shore; the description seems to have matched the Northey Island causeway at that time. The Life of Oswald, written in Ramsey around the same time as the battle, portrays Byrhtnoth as a great religious warrior, with references to Biblical prophetic era figures.[6].

His men, except for his household guard, were peasants and householders from the area. [7], It is clear from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles that Maldon in Essex is the site of the battle, because of its proximity to Ipswich and because Byrhtnoth was an Ealdorman of Essex. The keeper of the collection, John Elphinstone (or his assistant, David Casley),[2] had transcribed the 325 lines of the poem in 1724, but the front and back pages were already missing from the manuscript (possibly around 50 lines each): an earlier catalogue described it as fragmentum capite et calce mutilatum ("mutilated at head and heel").

Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! In the aftermath of the Battle of Maldon, the Vikings exacted tribute from local leaders in Hampshire, Kent, and the west of present-day England. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Norse invaders and Norse raiders differed in purpose. WHO

Coordinates: 51°42′55″N 0°42′3″E / 51.71528°N 0.70083°E / 51.71528; 0.70083. As a result, vital clues about the purpose of the poem and perhaps its date have been lost. In spite of Byrhtnoth’s supreme feats of courage, he is finally slain. The Heritage Centre was launched in 1991 in commemoration of the 1000 year anniversary of the Battle of Maldon. The Results The result was a payment of 10,000 Roman pounds (3,300 kg) of A modern embroidery created for the millennium celebration in 1991 and, in part, depicting the battle, can be seen at the Maeldune Centre in Maldon. The poem begins with him ordering his men to stand and to hold weapons. The death of Byrhtnoth, an ealdorman of Essex, was recorded in four versions of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The battle ended in an Anglo-Saxon defeat. [5] There is a memorial window, representing Byrhtnoth's dying prayer, in St Mary's church at Maldon. The Battle of Maldon took place on 11 August 991 AD[2] near Maldon beside the River Blackwater in Essex, England, during the reign of Æthelred the Unready.

As recalled in the 325-line Anglo-Saxon poem ‘The Battle of Maldon’, a marauding army of Vikings were confronted by a force of East Saxons led by Ealdorman Brihtnoth in AD 991.. At low tide, the river leaves a land bridge from this island to the shore; the description seems to have matched the Northey Island causeway at that time.

The story of Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians and one of the most powerful women to have lived during the Dark Ages. "The Battle of Maldon" is the name conventionally given to a surviving 325-line fragment of Old English poetry. Its Cotton Tiberius manuscript (Version B) says for the year 991: Her wæs Gypeswic gehergod, ⁊ æfter þæm swyðe raþe wæs Byrihtnoð ealdorman ofslagan æt Meldune. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Vikings offer the cynical suggestion that the English may buy their peace with golden rings. The Vikings had already pillaged Folkestone, Sandwich and Ipswich before they were confronted by Brihtnoth at Maldon. One argument is that the poem was written to celebrate Byrhtnoth's actions and goad others into heroic action, and Byrhtnoth's action stands proudly in a long tradition of heroic literature. The poem recorded the names of English deserters as “The Battle of Maldon” was a poem describing a conflict between the English and Vikings. Therefore, if Byrhtnoth's forces had kept the Vikings off by guarding the causeway or by paying them off, Olaf would likely have sailed farther up the river or along the coast, and raided elsewhere. ⁊ on þam geare man gerædde þæt man geald ærest gafol Deniscum mannum for þam myclan brogan þe hi worhton be þam særiman, þæt wæs ærest .x. The keeper of the collection, John Elphinstone (or his assistant, David Casley),[4] had transcribed the 325 lines of the poem in 1724, but the front and back pages were already missing from the manuscript (possibly around 50 lines each): an earlier catalogue described it as fragmentum capite et calce mutilatum ('mutilated at head and heel'). Free entry to National Trust properties throughout England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus discounted admission to National Trust for Scotand properties. The battle's progress is related in a famous Anglo-Saxon poem, only part of which survives. One argument is that the poem was written to celebrate Byrhtnoth's actions and goad others into heroic action, and Byrhtnoth's action stands proudly in a long tradition of heroic literature.

Sailing up the River Blackwater, Viking forces attacked the Saxons near Maldon. Battle was joined, but an Englishman called Godrīc fled riding Byrhtnoth's horse. He ordered them to "send steed away and stride forwards": they arrived on horses but fought on foot.

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