[9] Although no direct links between infectious diseases and seal mortality rates have been found, unidentified infectious diseases could prove detrimental to relocation strategies. Community programs such as PIRO have helped to improve community standards for the Hawaiian monk seal. Greece is currently investigating the possibility of declaring another monk seal breeding site as a national park, and also has integrated some sites in the NATURA 2000 protection scheme. The society was appealing to the Greek government to integrate the part of the island on which the seals live into a marine protected area. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, DC: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment), images and movies of the Mediterranean monk seal, Hellenic Society for the study and protection of the monk seal, Turkish National Action Plan for the Preservation of the Mediterranean Monk Seal, Mediterranean monk seal factsheet at the United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mediterranean_monk_seal&oldid=987133082, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Articles needing additional references from January 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Peter Saundry.
[6], The Hawaiian monk seal, as the name suggests, lives solely in the Hawaiian archipelago. [14] The nostrils are small, vertical slits, which close when the seal dives under water. The monk seal's physique is ideally suited for hunting its prey: fish, octopus, lobster, and squid in deep-water coral beds. [33] Anthropogenic or human impacts include hunting (during the 1800s and 1900s) and the resulting small gene pool, continuing human disturbance, entanglement in marine debris, and fishery interactions. Monk seals are earless seals (true seals) of the tribe Monachini. [47], On 6 January 2016, a monk seal climbed aboard a parked boat in Kuşadası.

On 8 March 2011, the BBC Earth news[30] reported that a pup seal had been spotted on 7 February while monitoring a seal colony on an island in the southwestern Aegean Sea. Hawaiian monk seals mainly prey on reef dwelling bony fish, but they also prey on cephalopods, and crustaceans.

[33], The extinction of the Caribbean monk seal was mainly triggered by overhunting in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to obtain the oil held within their blubber,[34] fueled by the large demand for seal products. [36][37] To prevent accidents and preserve monk seal, local city council acquired special educational boards and installed on city beaches. [9]. [5] Individuals have been sighted in surf breaks and on beaches in Kauaʻi, Niʻihau and Maui. [22], In June 2009, there was a report of a sighting off the island of Giglio, in Italy. [47] Identification and mitigation of these and other possible factors limiting population growth represent ongoing challenges and are the primary objectives of the Hawaiian monk seal conservation and recovery effort. As they nurse for approximately six weeks, they grow considerably, eventually weighing between 70 and 90 kg (150 and 200 lb) by the time they are weaned, while the mother loses up to 140 kg (300 lb).
On the afternoon on Friday, November 1, 2019 two came ashore on Kaimana beach in front of Kapiolani Park. [23][24], Entanglement can result in mortality, because when the seals get trapped in marine debris such as fishing nets, they cannot maneuver or reach the surface to breathe.

[19]:102, In the 19th century, many seals were killed by whalers and sealers for meat, oil, and skin.

[12], The Mediterranean monk seal has a short, broad, and flat snout, with very pronounced, long nostrils that face upwards.

No other seals in the world have this feature.

[46], On 13 August 2015, ten monk seals were spotted in Governor's Beach, Limassol, Cyprus. In April 2010, there was a report of a sighting off the island of Marettimo, in the Egadi Islands off the coast of Italy, in Trapani Province.

[12], The Hawaiian monk seal is part of the family Phocidae, being named so for its characteristic lack of external ears and inability to rotate its hind flippers under the body. [43] In September and October 2013, there were a number of sightings of an adult pair in waters around RAF Akrotiri in British Sovereign Base waters in Cyprus.

Monk seals tend to avoid beaches where they are disturbed; after continual disturbance the seal may completely abandon the beach, thus reducing its habitat size, subsequently limiting population growth. Community volunteers on Oʻahu have made many anecdotal blog reports of sightings around the island since 2008. All three monk seal species were classified in genus Monachus until 2014, when comparison of the species' mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences led biologists to place the Caribbean and Hawaiian species in a new genus, Neomonachus.

The monk seal's physique is ideal for hunting its prey: fish, lobster, octopus and squid in deep water coral beds. Hawaiian monk seals can hold their breath for up to 20 minutes and dive more than 1,800 feet; however, they usually dive an average of 6 minutes to depths of less than 200 feet to forage at the seafloor. Pups are 35 pounds (16 kg) at birth and 3 feet (1 m) long. Monk seals spend much of their time foraging in deeper water outside of shallow lagoon reefs at sub-photic depths of 300 metres (160 fathoms) or more.


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