These displacements were considered attempts at ethnic cleansing. [258] However, the head of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights rebutted these reports[259] and the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry find no evidence of YPG or SDF forces committing ethnic cleansing in order to change the demographic composition of territories under their control. [34], The demographics of the region have historically been highly diverse, with several major shifts in regard to which groups form majorities or minorities in the last centuries. This travel guide page was last edited at 15:41, on 13 January 2020 by Wikivoyage user Jonte--. Sailors can only be meritoriously advanced one paygrade. [100], The Kurdish Supreme Committee was dissolved in 2013, when the PYD abandoned the alliance with the KNC and established the Movement for a Democratic Society (TEV-DEM) coalition with other political parties. The de facto Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, often referred to as Rojava, is divided into several self-governing regions.The Afrin, Jazira and Euphrates Regions followed from the cantons established in January 2014 and were envisioned as sub-divisions for a future federalisation of Syria. The number of electors each state has is equal to the sum of representatives that state has in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate. While the White House voiced criticism when Erdoğan leveled false terrorism charges against Pastor Andrew Brunson and held the American pastor as a de facto hostage, Brunson’s experience is increasingly becoming the rule rather than the exception. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. [94], Despite the Ba'athist internal policies which officially suppressed a Kurdish identity, the Syrian government allowed the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to set up training camps from 1980. The main military force of the region is the Syrian Democratic Forces, an alliance of Syrian rebel groups formed in 2015.
[362][363][364] This has resulted in some expressions of international solidarity with the region. It was then part of Assyria, with the last surviving Assyrian imperial records, from between 604 BC and 599 BC, were found in and around the Assyrian city of Dūr-Katlimmu. On 17 March 2016, at a TEV-DEM-organized conference in Rmelan the establishment the Democratic Federation of Rojava – Northern Syria was declared in the areas they controlled in Northern Syria.
[148], Qamishli initially served as the de facto capital of the administration,[7][109] but the area's governing body later relocated to Ayn Issa. [c], On 9 October 2019, Turkey launched an attack on northern Syria "to destroy the terror corridor" on the Turkish southern border, as president Erdogan put it, after US President Donald Trump abandoned his support.
[192] During the Turkish military operation in Afrin, the KDP-affiliated Iraqi Kurdish Rudaw Media Network was also banned from reporting in the region. The Syrian government still maintains control over part of the city. The killing of 3 armed men from the "Ahrar Al-Sham Movement" by the Syrian army's fire on the axis of the town of Deir Sunbul, east of Jabal Al-Zawiya, in the southern countryside of Idlib [359][360][361] Turkey has on several occasions militarily attacked the region's territory and defence forces. "Jineology" classes had also been introduced. The government imposed ethnically-based programs, regulations and exclusionary measures on various aspects of Kurds' lives – political, economic, social and cultural. The SDF is led by the Kurdish majority People's Protection Units (Yekîneyên Parastina Gel, YPG). [368], In December 2019, an international conference hosted by the International Alliance for the Defence of Rights and Freedoms (AIDL) was held at the European Parliament which condemned the Turkish invasion of northeastern Syria, and called for the self-declared Autonomous Administration of North East Syria to be recognized and to be included in UN-led Constitutional Committee tasked to draft a new constitution for Syria. The real problem, however, are the lobbyists, both official and unofficial, Turkish diplomats, and those with vested business interests in Turkey who purposely obfuscate Turkey’s reality. [118], In 2019, Turkey launched Operation Peace Spring against the SDF. A new wave of refugees arrived in 1929. "[220] Communes and co-operatives have been established to provide essentials. [231] A September 2015 report of Amnesty International stated that 400 people were incarcerated by the region's authorities and criticized deficiencies in due process of the judicial system of the region. according to the Turkish pro-government Daily Sabah, the YPG's parent organisation, the PYD, provided the PKK with militants, explosives, arms and ammunition.[114]. The Constitution of Syria and the Constitution of North and East Syria are legally incompatible with respect to legislative and executive authority. [77][78] The region received little investment or development from the central government and laws discriminated against Kurds owning property, driving cars, working in certain professions and forming political parties. [133] The region's system of community government has direct democratic aspirations. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. [104] A KDP-S politician accused the PYD of delivering him to the Assad regime,[380] as well as the YPG is accused of fighting alongside regime forces in the 2017 Aleppo offensive. [83] These and other expropriations was part of the so-called "Arab Belt initiative" which aimed to change the demographic fabric of the resource-rich region. [133][144][145][146][145], The PYD-led rule has triggered protests in various areas since they first captured territory. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website.